Mathematics and Art

Mathematics and Art

Recent progress in research, teaching and communication has arisen from the use of new tools in visualization. To be fruitful, visualization needs precision and beauty. This book is a source of mathematical illustrations by mathematicians as well as artists. It offers examples in many basic mathematical fields including polyhedra theory, group theory, solving polynomial equations, dynamical systems and differential topology. For a long time, arts, architecture, music and painting have been the source of new developments in mathematics. And vice versa, artists have often found new techniques, themes and inspiration within mathematics. Here, while mathematicians provide mathematical tools for the analysis of musical creations, the contributions from sculptors emphasize the role of mathematics in their work. This book emphasizes and renews the deep relation between Mathematics and Art. The Forum Discussion suggests to develop a deeper interpenetration between these two cultural fields, notably in the teaching of both Mathematics and Art.

Mathematics and Art

Dynamic Systems Biology Modeling and Simulation

Dynamic Systems Biology Modeling and Simulation

Dynamic Systems Biology Modeling and Simuation consolidates and unifies classical and contemporary multiscale methodologies for mathematical modeling and computer simulation of dynamic biological systems from molecular/cellular, organ-system, on up to population levels. The book pedagogy is developed as a well-annotated, systematic tutorial with clearly spelled-out and unified nomenclature derived from the authors own modeling efforts, publications and teaching over half a century. Ambiguities in some concepts and tools are clarified and others are rendered more accessible and practical. The latter include novel qualitative theory and methodologies for recognizing dynamical signatures in data using structural (multicompartmental and network) models and graph theory; and analyzing structural and measurement (data) models for quantification feasibility. The level is basic-to-intermediate, with much emphasis on biomodeling from real biodata, for use in real applications.

Dynamic Systems Biology Modeling and Simulation

Statistical and Dynamical Aspects of Mesoscopic Systems

Statistical and Dynamical Aspects of Mesoscopic Systems

Initially a subfield of solid state physics, the study of mesoscopic systems has evolved over the years into a vast field of research in its own right. Keeping track its rapid progress, this book provides a broad survey of the latest developments in the field. The focus is on statistics and dynamics of mesoscopic systems with special emphasis on topics like quantum chaos, localization, noise and fluctuations, mesoscopic optics and quantum transport in nanostructures. Written with nonspecialists in mind, this book will also be useful to graduate students wishing to familiarize themselves with this field of research.

Statistical and Dynamical Aspects of Mesoscopic Systems

Thermodynamics of Materials with Memory

Thermodynamics of Materials with Memory

This is a work in four parts, dealing with the mechanics and thermodynamics of materials with memory, including properties of the dynamical equations which describe their evolution in time under varying loads. The first part is an introduction to Continuum Mechanics with sections dealing with classical Fluid Mechanics and Elasticity, linear and non-linear. The second part is devoted to Continuum Thermodynamics, which is used to derive constitutive equations of materials with memory, including viscoelastic solids, fluids, heat conductors and some examples of non-simple materials. In part three, free energies for materials with linear memory constitutive relations are comprehensively explored. The new concept of a minimal state is also introduced. Formulae derived over the last decade for the minimum and related free energies are discussed in depth. Also, a new single integral free energy which is a functional of the minimal state is analyzed in detail. Finally, free energies for examples of non-simple materials are considered. In the final part, existence, uniqueness and stability results are presented for the integrodifferential equations describing the dynamical evolution of viscoelastic materials. A new approach to these topics, based on the use of minimal states rather than histories, is discussed in detail. There are also chapters on the controllability of thermoelastic systems with memory, the Saint-Venant problem for viscoelastic materials and on the theory of inverse problems.

Thermodynamics of Materials with Memory

Dispersion Forces II

Dispersion Forces II

In this book, a modern unified theory of dispersion forces on atoms and bodies is presented which covers a broad range of different aspects and scenarios. Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics is applied within the context of dispersion forces. In contrast to the normal-mode quantum electrodynamics traditionally used to study dispersion forces, the new approach allows to consider realistic material properties including absorption and is flexible enough to be applied to a broad range of geometries. Thus general properties of dispersion forces like their non-additivity and the relation between microscopic and macroscopic dispersion forces are discussed. It is demonstrated how the general results can be used to obtain dispersion forces on atoms in the presence of bodies of various shapes and materials. In particular, nontrivial magnetic properties of the bodies, bodies of irregular shapes, the role of material absorption, and dynamical forces for excited atoms are discussed. This volume 2 deals especially with quantum electrodynamics, dispersion forces, Casimir forces, asymptotic power laws, quantum friction and universal scaling laws. The book gives both the specialist and those new to the field a thorough overview over recent results in the context of dispersion forces. It provides a toolbox for studying dispersion forces in various contexts.

Dispersion Forces II

Geometry and Topology in Hamiltonian Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics

Geometry and Topology in Hamiltonian Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics

This book explores the foundations of hamiltonian dynamical systems and statistical mechanics, in particular phase transitions, from the point of view of geometry and topology. A broad participation of topology in these fields has been lacking and this book will provide a welcome overview of the current research in the area, in which the author himself is a pioneer. Using geometrical thinking to solve fundamental problems in these areas, compared to the purely analytical methods usually used in physics could be highly productive. The author skillfully guides the reader, whether mathematician or physicists through the background needed to understand and use these techniques.

Geometry and Topology in Hamiltonian Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics

Nonlinear Dynamics of Chaotic and Stochastic Systems

Nonlinear Dynamics of Chaotic and Stochastic Systems

This book is a complete treatise on the theory of nonlinear dynamics of chaotic and stochastic systems. It contains both an exhaustive introduction to the subject as well as a detailed discussion of fundamental problems and research results in a field to which the authors have made important contributions themselves. Despite the unified presentation of the subject, care has been taken to present the material in largely self-contained chapters. The present book can thus be used either as a textbook by graduate students or as a modern monograph by researchers in this field. The second edition has been substantially enlarged to include sections on statistical properties of dynamical chaos, on effects of synchronization in oscillatory systems and on synchronization in living systems.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Chaotic and Stochastic Systems

Random Perturbation Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering, Volume 150

Random Perturbation Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering, Volume 150

As systems evolve, they are subjected to random operating environments. In addition, random errors occur in measurements of their outputs and in their design and fabrication where tolerances are not precisely met. This book develops methods for describing random dynamical systems, and it illustrates how the methods can be used in a variety of applications. The first half of the book concentrates on finding approximations to random processes using the methodologies of probability theory. The second half of the book derives approximations to solutions of various problems in mechanics, electronic circuits, population biology, and genetics. In each example, the underlying physical or biological phenomenon is described in terms of nonrandom models taken from the literature, and the impact of random noise on the solutions is investigated. The mathematical problems in these applicitons involve random pertubations of gradient systems, Hamiltonian systems, toroidal flows, Markov chains, difference equations, filters, and nonlinear renewal equations. The models are analyzed using the approximation methods described here and are visualized using MATLAB-based computer simulations.

Random Perturbation Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering, Volume 150

Supersymmetric Solitons

Supersymmetric Solitons

This book summarizes major advances in critical solitons in supersymmetric theories, and their implications for understanding basic dynamical regularities of nonsupersymmetric theories. After an extended introduction on the theory of critical solitons, including a historical introduction, the authors focus on three topics: non-Abelian strings and confined monopoles; reducing the level of supersymmetry; and domain walls as D brane prototypes. They also provide a thorough review of issues at the cutting edge, such as non-Abelian flux tubes. The book presents an extensive summary of the current literature so researchers in this field can understand the background and related issues.

Supersymmetric Solitons

Transport in Multilayered Nanostructures

Transport in Multilayered Nanostructures

This novel book is the first comprehensive text on dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), which has emerged over the past two decades as one of the most powerful new developments in many-body physics. Written by one of the key researchers in the field, the volume develops the formalism of many-body Green’s functions using the equation of motion approach, which requires an undergraduate solid state physics course and a graduate quantum mechanics course as prerequisites. The DMFT is applied to study transport in multilayered nanostructures, which is likely to be one of the most prominent applications of nanotechnology in the coming years. The text is modern in scope focusing on exact numerical methods rather than the perturbation theory. Formalism is developed first for the bulk and then for the inhomogeneous multilayered systems. The science behind the metal-insulator transition, electronic charge reconstruction, and superconductivity are thoroughly described. The book covers complete derivations and emphasizes how to carry out numerical calculations, including discussions of parallel programming algorithms. Detailed descriptions of the crossover from tunneling to thermally activated transport, of the properties of Josephson junctions with barriers tuned near the metal-insulator transition, and of thermoelectric coolers and power generators are provided as applications of the theory.

Transport in Multilayered Nanostructures