Multi-Objective Optimization in Physical Synthesis of Integrated Circuits

Multi-Objective Optimization in Physical Synthesis of Integrated Circuits

This book introduces techniques that advance the capabilities and strength of modern software tools for physical synthesis, with the ultimate goal to improve the quality of leading-edge semiconductor products. It provides a comprehensive introduction to physical synthesis and takes the reader methodically from first principles through state-of-the-art optimizations used in cutting edge industrial tools. It explains how to integrate chip optimizations in novel ways to create powerful circuit transformations that help satisfy performance requirements. Broadens the scope of physical synthesis optimization to include accurate transformations operating between the global and local scales; Integrates groups of related transformations to break circular dependencies and increase the number of circuit elements that can be jointly optimized to escape local minima; Derives several multi-objective optimizations from first observations through complete algorithms and experiments;Describes integrated optimization techniques that ensure a graceful timing closure process and impact nearly every aspect of a typical physical synthesis flow.

Multi-Objective Optimization in Physical Synthesis of Integrated Circuits

Introduction to Thin Film Transistors

Introduction to Thin Film Transistors

Introduction to Thin Film Transistors reviews the operation, application and technology of the main classes of thin film transistor (TFT) of current interest for large area electronics. The TFT materials covered include hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), poly-crystalline silicon (poly-Si), transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS), and organic semiconductors. The large scale manufacturing of a-Si:H TFTs forms the basis of the active matrix flat panel display industry. Poly-Si TFTs facilitate the integration of electronic circuits into portable active matrix liquid crystal displays, and are increasingly used in active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays for smart phones. The recently developed AOS TFTs are seen as an alternative option to poly-Si and a-Si:H for AMOLED TV and large AMLCD TV applications, respectively. The organic TFTs are regarded as a cost effective route into flexible electronics. As well as treating the highly divergent preparation and properties of these materials, the physics of the devices fabricated from them is also covered, with emphasis on performance features such as carrier mobility limitations, leakage currents and instability mechanisms. The thin film transistors implemented with these materials are the conventional, insulated gate field effect transistors, and a further chapter describes a new thin film transistor structure: the source gated transistor, SGT.The driving force behind much of the development of TFTs has been their application to AMLCDs, and there is a chapter dealing with the operation of these displays, as well as of AMOLED and electrophoretic displays. A discussion of TFT and pixel layout issues is also included.For students and new-comers to the field, introductory chapters deal with basic semiconductor surface physics, and with classical MOSFET operation. These topics are handled analytically, so that the underlying device physics is clearly revealed. These treatments are then used as a reference point, from which the impact of additional band-gap states on TFT behaviour can be readily appreciated.This reference book, covering all the major TFT technologies, will be of interest to a wide range of scientists and engineers in the large area electronics industry. It will also be a broad introduction for research students and other scientists entering the field, as well as providing an accessible and comprehensive overview for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching programmes.

Introduction to Thin Film Transistors

Continuous-Time Digital Front-Ends for Multistandard Wireless Transmission

Continuous-Time Digital Front-Ends for Multistandard Wireless Transmission

This book describes the design of fully digital multistandard transmitter front-ends which can directly drive one or more switching power amplifiers, thus eliminating all other analog components. After reviewing different architectures, the authors focus on polar architectures using pulse width modulation (PWM), which are entirely based on unclocked delay lines and other continuous-time digital hardware. As a result, readers are enabled to shift accuracy concerns from the voltage domain to the time domain, to coincide with submicron CMOS technology scaling. The authors present different architectural options and compare them, based on their effect on the signal and spectrum quality. Next, a high-level theoretical analysis of two different PWM-based architectures baseband PWM and RF PWM is made. On the circuit level, traditional digital components and design techniques are revisited from the point of view of continuous-time digital circuits. Important design criteria are identified and different solutions are presented, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, two chips designed in nanometer CMOS technologies are described, along with measurement results for validation.

Continuous-Time Digital Front-Ends for Multistandard Wireless Transmission

Analog Integrated Circuits for Communication

Analog Integrated Circuits for Communication

Analog Integrated Circuits for Communication: Principles, Simulation and Design, Second Edition covers the analysis and design of nonlinear analog integrated circuits that form the basis of present-day communication systems. Both bipolar and MOS transistor circuits are analyzed and several numerical examples are used to illustrate the analysis and design techniques developed in this book. Especially unique to this work is the tight coupling between the first-order circuit analysis and circuit simulation results. Extensive use has been made of the public domain circuit simulator Spice, to verify the results of first-order analyses, and for detailed simulations with complex device models. Highlights of the new edition include: A new introductory chapter that provides a brief review of communication systems, transistor models, and distortion generation and simulation. Addition of new material on MOSFET mixers, compression and intercept points, matching networks. Revisions of text and explanations where necessary to reflect the new organization of the book Spice input files for all the circuit examples that are available to the reader from a website. Problem sets at the end of each chapter to reinforce and apply the subject matter. An instructors solutions manual is available on the book’s webpage at springer.com. Analog Integrated Circuits for Communication: Principles, Simulation and Design, Second Edition is for readers who have completed an introductory course in analog circuits and are familiar with basic analysis techniques as well as with the operating principles of semiconductor devices. This book also serves as a useful reference for practicing engineers.

Analog Integrated Circuits for Communication

Fundamentals of Power Electronics With Matlab

Fundamentals of Power Electronics With Matlab

Most power electronics textbooks use PSpice for the simulation of circuits, even though MATLAB is a much easier and user-friendly tool. Fundamentals of Power Electronics Using MATLAB teaches students and engineers how to use MATLAB as a simulation and computational tool for power electronics. Designed as a hands-on reference, the scope of the material in the text is not as broad as other reference-style texts, thus making the material less intimidating and more attainable to the reader. Each portion of the text starts with an example based on the section material, followed by a detailed solution. A conclusion is then drawn to emphasize the ?point? of the problem and finally an exercise similar to the example is presented to challenge engineer. This format provides an immediate illustration of how to use the material and an opportunity for students to apply the material on their own. The text also introduces sliding mode control (SMC) of converter circuits where the converter is treated as a variable structure system, in addition to traditional pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control. SMC is a relatively new method of control and is a robust and attractive alternative to PWM. Engineers and students do not need to be proficient in MATLAB to work along with the text because a toolbox is provided on the companion CD-ROM that allows them to use MATLAB and obtain results immediately. The toolbox provides functions to perform power computations, waveform analysis, and power converter circuit design and simulations.

Fundamentals of Power Electronics With Matlab

Random Perturbation Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering, Volume 150

Random Perturbation Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering, Volume 150

As systems evolve, they are subjected to random operating environments. In addition, random errors occur in measurements of their outputs and in their design and fabrication where tolerances are not precisely met. This book develops methods for describing random dynamical systems, and it illustrates how the methods can be used in a variety of applications. The first half of the book concentrates on finding approximations to random processes using the methodologies of probability theory. The second half of the book derives approximations to solutions of various problems in mechanics, electronic circuits, population biology, and genetics. In each example, the underlying physical or biological phenomenon is described in terms of nonrandom models taken from the literature, and the impact of random noise on the solutions is investigated. The mathematical problems in these applicitons involve random pertubations of gradient systems, Hamiltonian systems, toroidal flows, Markov chains, difference equations, filters, and nonlinear renewal equations. The models are analyzed using the approximation methods described here and are visualized using MATLAB-based computer simulations.

Random Perturbation Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering, Volume 150

Demystifying Switched- Capacitor Circuits

Demystifying Switched- Capacitor Circuits

This book helps engineers to grasp fundamental theories and design principles by presenting physical and intuitive explanations of switched-capacitor circuits. Numerous circuit examples are discussed and the author emphasizes the most important and fundamental principles involved in implementing state-of-the-art switched-capacitor circuits for analog signal processing and power management applications. Throughout the book, the author presents numerous step-by-step tutorials and gives practical design examples.

Demystifying Switched- Capacitor Circuits

Make: Electronics

Make: Electronics

Want to learn the fundamentals of electronics in a fun, hands-on way? With Make: Electronics, you’ll start working on real projects as soon as you crack open the book. Explore all of the key components and essential principles through a series of fascinating experiments. You’ll build the circuits first, then learn the theory behind them!

Make: Electronics