Non-fickian Solute Transport in Porous Media

Non-fickian Solute Transport in Porous Media

The advection-dispersion equation that is used to model the solute transport in a porous medium is based on the premise that the fluctuating components of the flow velocity, hence the fluxes, due to a porous matrix can be assumed to obey a relationship similar to Fick s law. This introduces phenomenological coefficients which are dependent on the scale of the experiments. This book presents an approach, based on sound theories of stochastic calculus and differential equations, which removes this basic premise. This leads to a multiscale theory with scale independent coefficients. This book illustrates this outcome with available data at different scales, from experimental laboratory scales to regional scales.

Non-fickian Solute Transport in Porous Media

Multi-Objective Optimization in Physical Synthesis of Integrated Circuits

Multi-Objective Optimization in Physical Synthesis of Integrated Circuits

This book introduces techniques that advance the capabilities and strength of modern software tools for physical synthesis, with the ultimate goal to improve the quality of leading-edge semiconductor products. It provides a comprehensive introduction to physical synthesis and takes the reader methodically from first principles through state-of-the-art optimizations used in cutting edge industrial tools. It explains how to integrate chip optimizations in novel ways to create powerful circuit transformations that help satisfy performance requirements. Broadens the scope of physical synthesis optimization to include accurate transformations operating between the global and local scales; Integrates groups of related transformations to break circular dependencies and increase the number of circuit elements that can be jointly optimized to escape local minima; Derives several multi-objective optimizations from first observations through complete algorithms and experiments;Describes integrated optimization techniques that ensure a graceful timing closure process and impact nearly every aspect of a typical physical synthesis flow.

Multi-Objective Optimization in Physical Synthesis of Integrated Circuits

Nanodust in the Solar System

Nanodust in the Solar System

Nanodust and nanometer-sized structures are important components of many objects in space. Nanodust is observed in evolved stars, young stellar objects, protoplanetary disks, and dust debris disks. Within the solar system, nanodust is observed with in-situ experiments from spacecraft. Nanometer-sized substructures are found in the collected cometary and interplanetary dust particles and in meteorites. Understanding the growth and destruction of dust, its internal evolution, as well as the optical properties and the detection of nanoparticles is of fundamental importance for astrophysical research.This book provides a focused description of the current state of research and experimental results concerning nanodust in the solar system. It addresses three major questions: What is nanodust? How was it discovered in the solar system? And how do we interpret the observations? The book serves as a self-contained reference work for space researchers and provides solid information on nanodust in cosmic environments for researchers working in astrophysics or in other fields of physics.

Nanodust in the Solar System

Morphological Aspects of Inner Ear Disease

Morphological Aspects of Inner Ear Disease

Sudden deafness and Meniere’s Disease are common inner ear diseases diagnosed around the globe. However, their causes and etiologies are still unknown due to several reasons. One key factor is simply that the inner ear is small and located in the hard temporal bo the resolution of CT and MRI images is insufficient in analyzing the pathophysiology of the inner ears under such circumstances. As these diseases are not fatal, the opportunities of obtaining temporal bones for histopathological examinations are rather rare. This book tries to improve the situation by approaching the inner ear diseases, especially the perilymphatic fistula, from multifaceted perspectives. It provides morphological information of the inner ear accompanying the chapters, i.e., explanations of inner ear fluids and blood vessels that help readers get familiar with complicated inner ear structures. It contains chapters describing specific diseases such as sudden deafness, Meniere’s Disease and viral diseases to understand them in depth. Animal models of the diseases described in the book also help readers better understand inner ear diseases that normally remain obscure. Patients with intractable vertigo of inner-ear origin need surgical treatment and an application of a laser to the vestibular labyrinth is another topic of interest to readers, for lasers allow a precise treatment. Various examples of experiments are also provided in the book to give readers an idea of surgical applications. This book is recommended as a professional reference text and monograph for all doctors and trainees in the otolaryngology field focusing on the ear, nose and throat.

Morphological Aspects of Inner Ear Disease

NASAs Scientist-Astronauts

NASAs Scientist-Astronauts

Mounting pressure in the early 1960s from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to study ways of expanding the role of astronauts to conduct science on future space missions led to NASA??’s conclusion that flying scientifically trained crewmembers would generate greater returns from each mission. NASA and industry studies continued investigating possibilities that could lead to the eventual creation of the first space stations using surplus Apollo hardware, through the Apollo Applications Programme (AAP). There was also a growing interest within the military to create their own manned space station programme, conducting on-orbit experiments and research with strategic advantages for national security. In October 1964 the Soviets launched Voskhod 1 whose 3-man crew were identified as the first ???scientific passengers??? in space. A few days later NASA and the NAS had completed joint studies into the possibility of using scientists in the manned space programme, and invited scientists to apply for astronaut training. In selecting the first group of scientist-astronauts, NASA had one firm requirement; any person accepted into the programme would have to qualify as a military jet pilot. While the second group of scientists were completing their academic, survival and flight training programme, the remaining members of the first scientist-astronaut group were involved in supporting the developing Apollo Applications programme and the Apollo lunar programme.

NASAs Scientist-Astronauts

The Mathematics of the Bose Gas and Its Condensation

The Mathematics of the Bose Gas and Its Condensation

This book contains a unique survey of the mathematically rigorous results about the quantum-mechanical many-body problem that have been obtained by the authors in the past seven years. It addresses a topic that is not only rich mathematically, using a large variety of techniques in mathematical analysis, but is also one with strong ties to current experiments on ultra-cold Bose gases and Bose-Einstein condensation. The book provides a pedagogical entry into an active area of ongoing research for both graduate students and researchers. It is an outgrowth of a course given by the authors for graduate students and post-doctoral researchers at the Oberwolfach Research Institute in 2004. The book also provides a coherent summary of the field and a reference for mathematicians and physicists active in research on quantum mechanics.

The Mathematics of the Bose Gas and Its Condensation

Information Routing, Correspondence Finding and Object Recognition in the Brain

Information Routing, Correspondence Finding and Object Recognition in the Brain

This book covers recent research on cortical signal processing and plasticity, with an emphasis on object recognition. The focus is on assemblies of neurons and how they can collectively represent information patterns and their dynamic relationships – leading to novel concepts for how the brain routes information in a purposeful way, how it detects correspondences between patterns, and how sensory inputs are recognized. Furthermore the question which neural substrates are necessary for such capabilities, and how they can self-organize in the developing organism are treated. The readership is aimed at all students and researchers in neuroscience interested in exploring new paradigms of brain function. Experimentalists may draw inspiration from the book for designing anatomical and physiological experiments that lead the way from the current focus on static receptive fields to investigating the dynamic, functional connectivity of cortex. Theoreticians are invited to incorporate the discussed concepts into their own modeling, and to improve on the models presented in the book.

Information Routing, Correspondence Finding and Object Recognition in the Brain

Production of Advanced Materials by Methods of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

Production of Advanced Materials by Methods of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

This translation from the original Russian book outlines the production of a variety of materials by methods of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The types of materials discussed include: hard, refractory, corrosion and wear-resistant materials, as well as other advanced and specialty materials. The authors address the issue of optimal parameters for SHS reactions occurring during processes involving a preliminary metallothermic reduction stage, and they calculate these using thermodynamic approaches. In order to confirm the effectiveness of this approach, the authors describe experiments focusing on the synthesis of elemental crystalline boron, boron carbides and nitrides. Other parts of this brief include theoretical and experimental results on single-stage production of hard alloys on the basis of titanium and zirconium borides, as well as macro kinetics of degassing and compaction of SHS-products. This brief is suitable for academics, as well as those working in industrial manufacturing companies producing hard alloys and composites for making metal-working machinery or drilling equipment.

Production of Advanced Materials by Methods of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

Visual Masking

Visual Masking

Visual masking is a technique used in cognitive research to understand pre-conscious processes (e.g., priming), consciousness, visual limits, and perception issues associated with psychopathology. This work is a short format review of research using visual masking: how its been used, and what these experiments have discovered. Its a strategic fit to our other cognitive psychology titles.

Visual Masking

Production of Advanced Materials by Methods of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

Production of Advanced Materials by Methods of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

This translation from the original Russian book outlines the production of a variety of materials by methods of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The types of materials discussed include: hard, refractory, corrosion and wear-resistant materials, as well as other advanced and specialty materials. The authors address the issue of optimal parameters for SHS reactions occurring during processes involving a preliminary metallothermic reduction stage, and they calculate these using thermodynamic approaches. In order to confirm the effectiveness of this approach, the authors describe experiments focusing on the synthesis of elemental crystalline boron, boron carbides and nitrides. Other parts of this brief include theoretical and experimental results on single-stage production of hard alloys on the basis of titanium and zirconium borides, as well as macro kinetics of degassing and compaction of SHS-products. This brief is suitable for academics, as well as those working in industrial manufacturing companies producing hard alloys and composites for making metal-working machinery or drilling equipment.

Production of Advanced Materials by Methods of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

A Practical Guide to Supramolecular Chemistry

A Practical Guide to Supramolecular Chemistry

A Practical Guide to Supramolecular Chemistry is an introductory manual of practical experiments for chemists with little or no prior experience of supramolecular chemistry. Syntheses are clearly presented to facilitate the preparation of acyclic and macrocyclic compounds frequently encountered in supramolecular chemistry using straightforward experimental procedures.

A Practical Guide to Supramolecular Chemistry

Nanopores for Bioanalytical Applications

Nanopores for Bioanalytical Applications

Bioanalytical applications in nanopores are an exciting field of research which have seen rapid development over the last ten plus years. This book focuses uniquely on this research area providing an insight from the world leading experts in the area. Based on the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Nanopores for Bioanalytical Applications (Lanzarote, 2012), it will provide a snapshot of this exciting field for the nanopores community. It describes the latest experimental and fabrication protocols necessary to carry out nanopore-based experiments and covers a wide variety of topics. These include: biological pores, solid state pores, hybrid structures, fundamental aspects, work on the underlying (bio)physics and applications in biosensing and DNA sequencing. The multidisciplinary approach to this topic makes the book suitable for readers in both academia and industry.

Nanopores for Bioanalytical Applications

The Cyborg Experiments

The Cyborg Experiments

The Cyborg Experiments analyzes the challenges posed to corporeality by techology. Taking as their starting point the work of the highly influential performance artists Orlan and Stelarc, the essays in this timely and important collection raise a number of questions in relation to new conceptions of embodiment, identity and otherness in the age of new technologies: Has the body become obsolete? Does transgender challenge traditional ideas of agency? Have we always been cyborgs?In addition to highlighting the playful character of digital aesthetics, the contributors investigate ethical issues concerning the ownership of our bodies and the experiments we perform on them. In this way the book explores how humanism, and ideas of ‘the human’, have been placed under increasing scrutiny as a result of new developments in science, media and communications.Contributors:John Appleby, Rachel Armstrong, Fred Botting, Julie Clarke, Gary Hall, Chris Hables Gray, Meredith Jones, Orlan, Mark Poster, Jay Prosser, E. A. Scheer, Zod Sofia, Stelarc, Scott Wilson, Joanna Zylinska>

The Cyborg Experiments

Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

This textbook contains a wealth of information essential for successful experiments at low temperatures. The first chapters describe the low-temperature properties of liquids and solid matter, including liquid helium. The major part of the book is devoted to refrigeration techniques and the physics on which they rely, the definition of temperature, thermometry, and a variety of design and construction techniques. The lively style and practical orientation of this text make it easy to read and particularly useful to anyone beginning research in low-temperature physics. Low-temperature scientists will find it of great value due to its extensive compilation of materials data and relevant new results from thermometry and materials properties, as well as many additional references to the recent literature. Problems are included as well. In addition, this edition also describes newly developed low temperature experimentation techniques and new materials properties.

Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

Make: Electronics

Make: Electronics

Want to learn the fundamentals of electronics in a fun, hands-on way? With Make: Electronics, you’ll start working on real projects as soon as you crack open the book. Explore all of the key components and essential principles through a series of fascinating experiments. You’ll build the circuits first, then learn the theory behind them!

Make: Electronics

Ruby Under a Microscope

Ruby Under a Microscope

Ruby is a powerful programming language with a focus on simplicity, but beneath its elegant syntax it performs countless unseen tasks.,

Ruby Under a Microscope gives you a hands-on look at Ruby’s core, using extensive diagrams and thorough explanations to show you how , is implemented (no C skills required). Author Pat Shaughnessy takes a scientific approach, laying out a series of experiments with Ruby code to take you behind the scenes of how , languages work. You’ll even find information on JRuby and Rubinius (two alternative implementations of Ruby), as well as in-depth explorations of Ruby’s garbage collection algorithm.

Ruby Under a Microscope