Transport and Reactivity of Solutions in Confined Hydrosystems

Transport and Reactivity of Solutions in Confined Hydrosystems

The present work reflects a multi-disciplinary effort to address the topic of confined hydrosystems developed with a cross-fertilization panel of physics, chemists, biologists, soil and earth scientists. Confined hydrosystems include all situations in natural settings wherein the extent of the liquid phase is limited so that the solid-liquid and/or liquid-air interfaces may be critical to the properties of the whole system. Primarily, this so-called residual solution is occluded in pores/channels in such a way that decreases its tendency to evaporation, and makes it long-lasting in arid (Earth deserts) and hyper-arid (Mars soils) areas. The associated physics is available from domains like capillarity, adsorption and wetting, and surface forces. However, many processes are still to understand due to the close relationship between local structure and matter properties, the subtle interplay between the host and the guest, the complex intermingling among static reactivity and migration pathway.

Transport and Reactivity of Solutions in Confined Hydrosystems

Bonding Theory for Metals And Alloys

Bonding Theory for Metals And Alloys

Bonding Theory for Metals and Alloys exhorts the potential existence of covalent bonding in metals and alloys. Through the recognition of the covalent bond in coexistence with the ‘free’ electron band, the book describes and demonstrates how the many experimental observations on metals and alloys can all be reconciled. Subsequently, it shows how the individual view of metals and alloys by physicists, chemists and metallurgists can be unified. The physical phenomena of metals and alloys covered in this book are: Miscibility Gap between two liquid metals; Phase Equilibrium Diagrams; Phenomenon of Melting. Superconductivity; Nitinol; A Metal-Alloy with Memory; Mechanical Properties; Liquid Metal Embrittlement; Superplasticity; Corrosion; The author introduces a new theory based on ‘Covalon’ conduction, which forms the basis for a new approach to the theory of superconductivity. This new approach not only explains the many observations made on the phenomenon of superconductivity but also makes predictions that have been confirmed.

Bonding Theory for Metals And Alloys

Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials

Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials

Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials: Principles and Applications provides a comprehensive review of established and emerging rapid prototyping technologies (such as bioprinting) for medical applications. Rapid prototyping, also known as layer manufacturing, additive manufacturing, solid freeform fabrication, or 3D printing, can be used to create complex structures and devices for medical applications from solid, powder, or liquid precursors.

Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials

Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Liquid Crystalline Polymers

The International Workshop on Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs) held in June 1993 in Italy attracted many of the leading researchers in this area of polymer science. The meeting provided a forum for the exchange of research and ideas on current developments and future research and applications of liquid crystalline polymers. This volume consists of a selection of the best papers presented at the meeting covering synthesis and characterization, liquid crystalline thermosets, rheology, blends and composites containing LCPs and transport properties.

Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Computer Simulations of Liquid Crystals and Polymers

Computer Simulations of Liquid Crystals and Polymers

Liquid crystals, polymers and polymer liquid crystals are soft condensed matter systems of major technological and scientific interest. An understanding of the macroscopic properties of these complex systems and of their many and interesting peculiarities at the molecular level can nowadays only be attained using computer simulations and statistical mechanical theories. Both in the Liquid Crystal and Polymer fields a considerable amount of simulation work has been done in the last few years with various classes of models at different special resolutions, ranging from atomistic to molecular and coarse-grained lattice models. Each of the two fields has developed its own set of tools and specialized procedures and the book aims to provide a state of the art review of the computer simulation studies of polymers and liquid crystals. This is of great importance in view of a potential cross-fertilization between these connected areas which is particularly apparent for a number of experimental systems like, e.g. polymer liquid crystals and anisotropic gels where the different fields necessarily merge. An effort has been made to assess the possibilities of a coherent description of the themes that have developed independently, and to compare and extend the theoretical and computational techniques put forward in the different areas.

Computer Simulations of Liquid Crystals and Polymers

Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Systems

Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Systems

Liquid crystal displays were discovered in the 1960s, and today we continue to enjoy the benefits of that fundamental discovery and its translation into a wide variety of products. Like liquid crystals, polymers are unusual materials, and have similarly enjoyed a great deal of research attention because of their vast applications and uses and complex fundamental properties. The combination of liquid crystal and polymer properties produces a broad array of new effectsspanning from densely crosslinked, rigid polymer networks to weakly crosslinked elastomersthat are not simply manifestations of either native liquid crystals or polymers alone.

Cross-Linked Liquid Crystalline Systems

Liquid-crystalline Polymers

Liquid-crystalline Polymers

This volume explores the creation, study, and processing of new liquid-crystalline polymers. It covers not only the chemistry of liquid-crystalline polymers, but also the physics and engineering aspects of these materials. A wide range of topics is covered, including syntheses of main-chain and side-chain LCPs, structural characterization of LP, rheology and processing, and applications such a electro-optics and ‘self-reinforcing’ blends. This book presents a broad view of the direction of LCP research in both industry and academe.

Liquid-crystalline Polymers

Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

This textbook contains a wealth of information essential for successful experiments at low temperatures. The first chapters describe the low-temperature properties of liquids and solid matter, including liquid helium. The major part of the book is devoted to refrigeration techniques and the physics on which they rely, the definition of temperature, thermometry, and a variety of design and construction techniques. The lively style and practical orientation of this text make it easy to read and particularly useful to anyone beginning research in low-temperature physics. Low-temperature scientists will find it of great value due to its extensive compilation of materials data and relevant new results from thermometry and materials properties, as well as many additional references to the recent literature. Problems are included as well. In addition, this edition also describes newly developed low temperature experimentation techniques and new materials properties.

Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures

Liquid Crystals, Second Edition

Liquid Crystals, Second Edition

The fundamental science and latest applications of liquid crystal technologies

Liquid Crystals, Second Edition