Illicit Antiquities

Illicit Antiquities

The exploitation of archaeological sites for commercial gain is a serious problem worldwide. In peace and during wartime archaeological sites and cultural institutions, both on land and underwater, are attacked and their contents robbed for sale on an international ‘antiquities’ market. Objects are excavated without record, smuggled across borders and sold for exorbitant prices in the salesrooms of Europe and North America. In some countries this looting has now reached such a scale as to threaten the very survival of their archaeological and cultural heritage.

Illicit Antiquities

New Architecture of Europe

New Architecture of Europe

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New Architecture of Europe

The Future of EMU

The Future of EMU

‘This book brings together the most established experts in the area to provide a comprehensive interdisciplinary perspective on the issues expected to face EMU over the next few decades, and to propose solutions to the challenges which may arise. As well as offering new and insightful contributions to the integration debate, the book is also policy-oriented, and aims to assess the future impact of EMU on various EU policy areas, such as trade policy and fiscal policy, and also its impact on political union and labour markets. With a wealth of fresh and innovative interdisciplinary perspectives on the future of EMU and on the EU integration process as a whole, this fascinating book is an essential companion for all wishing to gain a greater understanding of the challenges facing European integration in the decades to come, and the part which EMU will play in the future of Europe.’

The Future of EMU

Hans Christian Orsted and the Romantic Legacy in Science

Hans Christian Orsted and the Romantic Legacy in Science

This fascinating text is an exploration of the relationship between science and philosophy in the early nineteenth century. This subject remains one of the most misunderstood topics in modern European intellectual history. By taking the brilliant career of Danish physicist-philosopher Hans Christian rsted as their organizing theme, leading international philosophers and historians of science reveal illuminating new perspectives on the intellectual map of Europe in the age of revolution and romanticism.

Hans Christian Orsted and the Romantic Legacy in Science

The Measure of Woman

The Measure of Woman

By the end of the Middle Ages, the ius communethe combination of canon and Roman lawhad formed the basis for all law in continental Europe, along with its patriarchal system of categorizing women. Throughout medieval Europe, women regularly found themselves in court, suing or being sued, defending themselves against criminal accusations, or prosecuting others for crimes committed against them or their families. Yet choosing to litigate entailed accepting the conceptual vocabulary of the learned law, thereby reinforcing the very legal and social notions that often subordinated them.

The Measure of Woman

The Language Question in Europe and Diverse Societies

The Language Question in Europe and Diverse Societies

Recent developments in the European integration process have raised, amongst many things, the issue of linguistic diversity. This is regarded by some as a stumbling block to the creation and sustainability of a European democratic polity and to the fair working of its legal and social institutions. The ‘question of language,’ in this sense, concerns the nature and role of public communication and public discourse, both as sources of information and understanding, and as modes of legitimacy in law and politics. Its solution involves an understanding of the role played by natural languages as the main forms of social communication, and the consequent design of policies and institutional mechanisms, which may facilitate inter-linguistic and intercultural communication. Put in this way, this is not an exclusively European problem. Nor is it an entirely new problem, for it also presents itself in the form of the relationship between linguistic majorities and minorities.

The Language Question in Europe and Diverse Societies

The Reception of Oscar Wilde in Europe

The Reception of Oscar Wilde in Europe

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) is now widely recognised not only as one of the most representative figures of the British fin de sicle, but as one of the most influential Anglophone authors of the nineteenth century. In Britain Wilde suffered a long period of comparative neglect following the scandal of his conviction for gross indecency’ in 1895; and it is only recently that his works have been reassessed. But while Wilde was subjected to silence in Britain, he became a European phenomenon. His famous dandyism, his witticisms, paradoxes and provocations became the object of imitation and parody; his controversial aesthetic doctrines were a strong influence not only on decadent writers, but also on the development of symbolist and modernist cultures.

The Reception of Oscar Wilde in Europe

Progress in Temperate Fruit Breeding

Progress in Temperate Fruit Breeding

This book contains the papers and posters presented at the Eucarpia Fruit Breeding Section Meeting held at Wadenswil/Einsiedeln, Switzerland from August 30 to September 3, 1993. It gives an overview of the latest trends in temperate fruit breeding in Europe and overseas. Three subjects were considered in special workshops: durability of scab resistance in apple, biotechnology and molecular markers. One important aim of modern fruit breeding is stable resistance against pests and diseases. Molecular markers might help to identify the genetic basis of important characteristics related to disease and pest resistance and components of yield and quality. Gene transfer has been successfully applied in several fruit species. However, public opinion in many countries does not favour this new technology and its products. Despite these new approaches, traditional breeding methods still predominate; many aspects of traditional breeding are considered in this book. Genetic resources and their exploitation are discussed in a special chapter. Aspects of breeding minor crops such as walnut, almond, hippophae, cornel are also considered. Progress in Temperate Fruit Breeding should interest fruit breeders, pomologists, lecturers, students and growers.

Progress in Temperate Fruit Breeding

Nations and Nationalism since 1780

Nations and Nationalism since 1780

Nations and Nationalism since 1780 is Eric Hobsbawm’s widely acclaimed and highly readable enquiry into the question of nationalism. Events in the late twentieth century in Eastern Europe and the Soviet republics have since reinforced the central importance of nationalism in the history of the political evolution and upheaval. This second edition has been updated in light of those events, with a final chapter addressing the impact of the dramatic changes that have taken place. Also included are additional maps to illustrate nationalities, languages and political divisions across Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Nations and Nationalism since 1780

The New ICT Ecosystem

The New ICT Ecosystem

The ICT sector is crucial as a driver of economic and social growth. Not only is it an important industry in its own right, but it also provides the communication and infrastructure without which modern economies could not function. How does this sector work? Why is it stronger in some countries than in others? What should companies, governments and regulators be doing to enhance its contribution? In The New ICT Ecosystem, Martin Fransman answers these and other questions by developing the idea of the ICT sector as an evolving ecosystem. He shows that some components of the ICT ecosystem, particularly the innovation process, work better in some countries and regions than in others. For example, the Internet content and applications layer of the ecosystem tends to work better in the US than in Europe or Asia. The analysis in this book enables policy makers and regulators to understand why some parts of the ICT ecosystem are underperforming and what can be done to enhance their performance. The previous edition of The New ICT Ecosystem won the 2008-10 Joseph Schumpeter Prize. Winner of the 2008-10 Joseph Schumpeter Prize Presents a highly original analysis of the ICT sector based on the metaphor of an evolving ecosystem Provides important advice to policy makers and regulators about how underperforming parts of of the ICT sector can be improved

The New ICT Ecosystem

Key Chiral Auxiliary Applications, Second Edition

Key Chiral Auxiliary Applications, Second Edition

Asymmeric synthesis is extremely important for many applications, especially in industrial chemistry. When a reaction forms a chiral molecule, the two possible enantiomeric products can have very different properties; one may be a beneficial drug and the other may be toxic. It is therefore very important to be able to make a pure enantiomer. For example the drug thalidimide was used in the 1950s by women to reduce the discomfort of pregnancy; unknown at the time, it was a mixture of enantiomers of the same molecule. One enantiomer was therapeutic, the other was later found to be toxic, but had already resulted in many cases of birth defects, particularly in Japan and Europe. Chiral molecules are also involved in dyes and pigments, fragrances, flavors and many other commercial applications. One alternative to using a chiral auxiliary to make a pure enantiomer is to make both enantiomers and then purify out the desired one but this method is wasteful in terms of chemicals used, expensive and time consuming.

Key Chiral Auxiliary Applications, Second Edition

Aztecs, Moors and Christians

Aztecs, Moors and Christians

In villages and towns across Spain and its former New World colonies, local performers stage mock battles between Spanish Christians and Moors or Aztecs that range from brief sword dances to massive street theatre lasting several days. The performances officially celebrate the triumph of Spanish Catholicism over its enemies. Such an explanation does not, however, account for the traditions persistence for more than five hundred years nor for its widespread diffusion. In this perceptive book, Max Harris seeks to understand the ‘puzzling and enduring passion’ of both Mexicans and Spaniards for festivals of moros y cristianos. He begins by tracing the performances roots in medieval Spain and showing how they came to be superimposed on the mock battles that had been part of pre-contact Aztec calendar rituals. Then, using James Scotts distinction between ‘public’ and ‘hidden transcripts,’ he reveals how, in the hands of folk and indigenous performers, these spectacles of conquest became prophecies of the eventual reconquest of Mexico by the defeated Aztec peoples. Finally, he documents the early arrival of native American performance practices in Europe and the shift of moros y cristianos from court to folk tradition in Spain. Even today, as lively descriptions of current festivals make plain, mock battles between Aztecs, Moors, and Christians remain a remarkably sophisticated vehicle for the communal expression of dissent.

Aztecs, Moors and Christians

The Reception of David Hume In Europe

The Reception of David Hume In Europe

The intellectual scope and cultural impact of British writers cannot be assessed without reference to their European ‘fortunes’. These essays, prepared by an international team of scholars, critics and translators, record the ways in which David Hume has been translated, evaluated and emulated in different national and linguistic areas of Europe. This is the first collection of essays to consider how and where Hume’s works were initially understood throughout Europe. They reflect on how early European responses to Hume relied on available French translations, and concentrated on his Political Discourses and his History, and how later German translations enabled professional philosophers to discuss his more abstract ideas. Also explored is the idea that continental readers were not able to judge the accuracy of the translations they read, nor did many consider the contexts in which Hume was writing: rather, they were intent on using what they read for their own purposes.

The Reception of David Hume In Europe

Fascism

Fascism

In the 1930s fascist parties came to power across Europe. Millions were killed in the war and the Holocaust. Yet, sixty years on, fascism is on the rise once more in all major European states and far right parties are again winning converts.To explain this disturbing trend, Dave Renton surveys the history of modern fascism in Europe, from its prewar origins up to the present day. Renton examines the Marxist response to fascism in the age of Hitler and Mussolini and the writings of political thinkers such as Trotsky and Gramsci, as well as more recent European theorists such as Miliband, Mason and Poulantzas. Focusing on a critical assessment of the current liberal theories of fascism which emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, the author argues that such theories provide an incomplete explanation of what fascism is and was: to understand any political movement it is vital to view it in a historical context. Renton argues that fascism should be understood not through the ‘theory’ of liberal fascism studies, but rather in terms of the brutal practice that fascism brought in its wake. Providing the first new theory of fascism in its historical context to come from the left for over twenty years, this volume makes a key contribution to what is now a wide-ranging and heated debate.

Fascism

The Orange Juice Business

The Orange Juice Business

The orange juice chain is unique, probably a sui generis commodity. Although several countries produce oranges and juices, two regions in the world are the responsible for around 80% of the production. These are the states of Sao Paulo in Brazil and Florida in the USA. Although the emerging countries are growing in production, the juice consumer is also concentrated in the USA and Europe where more than 90% of consumption takes place.The characteristics of this chain are so unique, that it makes a nice laboratory for academics and business people to exercise strategies, since risk is spread. O.

The Orange Juice Business

Adventure Guide Milan and Italian Lakes

Adventure Guide Milan and Italian Lakes

This is a comprehensive guide to one of the most exquisite holiday destinations in all of Europe. ‘Adventure Guide to Milan and the Italian Lakes’ provides everything you’ll ever need to know for planning a trip to this stunning holiday destination, from places to stay and eat, and practical travel advice, to what to pack and when to go. It also features up-to-date information on all the exciting activities and adventures just waiting to be enjoyed – from exploring the fashion capital of Milan with its elegant shopping, through visiting the stunning Lakes Como and Garda with their fabulous Roman villas and beautiful vistas, to discovering the hidden treasures of the region’s unforgettable palaces, churches and museums. Whatever you choose to do in this fabulous destination, the ‘Adventure Guide to Milan and the Italian Lakes’ will be your essential companion.

Adventure Guide Milan and Italian Lakes

Law and Evil

Law and Evil

Law and Evil opens, expands and deepens our understanding of the phenomenon of evil by addressing the theoretical relationship between this phenomenon and law. Hannah Arendt said ‘the problem of evil will be the fundamental question of post-war intellectual life in Europe’. This statement is, unfortunately, more than valid in the contemporary world: not only in the events of war, crimes against humanity, terror, repression, criminality, violence, torture, human trafficking, and so on; but also as evil is used rhetorically to condemn these acts, to categorise their perpetrators, and to justify forcible measures, both in international and domestic politics and law.

Law and Evil

Public Debt Dynamics of Europe and the US

Public Debt Dynamics of Europe and the US

Public Debt Dynamics of Europe and the U.S., provides the evidence and implications of current policies by sovereigns and central banks, in dealing with the debt abyss. It brings in perspective the diversity of opinion reigning in modern economics and finance and outlines the themes which, among themselves, are defining the society in which we live.

Public Debt Dynamics of Europe and the US

Another Europe

Another Europe

Given the recent focus on the challenges to representative democracy, and the search for new institutions and procedures that can help to channel increasing participation, this book offers empirical insights on alternative conceptions of democracy and the actors that promote them.

Another Europe

The Scourge of the Swastika

The Scourge of the Swastika

When discussing the German war crimes of the Second World War, modern histories have focused on the Holocaust. While the Final Solution was a unique and unparalleled horror, German atrocities did not end there. The Nazis terrorized their own citizens, tortured and murdered POWs, and carried out countless executions throughout occupied Europe. Lord Russell of Liverpool was part of the legal team that brought Nazi war criminals to justice, and from this first-hand position, he published the sensational, bestselling The Scourge of the Swastika in 1954. Liverpool shows that the actions of the Third Reich, including the Holocaust, were illegal, not merely immoral.

The Scourge of the Swastika